In the 2000s, non-relational databases became popular, collectively referred to as NoSQL, because they use different query languages.įormally, a "database" refers to a set of related data accessed through the use of a "database management system" (DBMS), which is an integrated set of computer software that allows users to interact with one or more databases and provides access to all of the data contained in the database (although restrictions may exist that limit access to particular data). These model data as rows and columns in a series of tables, and the vast majority use SQL for writing and querying data. Relational databases became dominant in the 1980s. The design of databases spans formal techniques and practical considerations, including data modeling, efficient data representation and storage, query languages, security and privacy of sensitive data, and distributed computing issues, including supporting concurrent access and fault tolerance.Ĭomputer scientists may classify database management systems according to the database models that they support. Small databases can be stored on a file system, while large databases are hosted on computer clusters or cloud storage. Often the term "database" is also used loosely to refer to any of the DBMS, the database system or an application associated with the database. The sum total of the database, the DBMS and the associated applications can be referred to as a database system. The DBMS additionally encompasses the core facilities provided to administer the database. In computing, a database is an organized collection of data or a type of data store based on the use of a database management system ( DBMS), the software that interacts with end users, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze the data. For instances of the general concept, see Lists of databases. This article is about the computing concept.
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